Getting along with others《Grammar and usage》学案2（牛津译林版必修5）

高二英语Module5 Unit1 Getting alone with others知识精讲 译林出版社
一. 本周学习内容：
Module 5 Unit 1 Getting alone with others
二. 学习目标：
Unit 1 Grammar
三. 学习重难点：
预习生词
get along        相处，进展
get along with
get along well with
betray          v. 出卖，背叛
primary adj. 初步的，初级的；第一位的，主要的
primary school 小学
secondary school 中学
high school 高中
academic adj. 学习良好的；学术的
academy n. 学术
stupid adj. 笨的，愚蠢的
foolish, silly
overlook v. 忽略，忽视；俯瞰
cheerful adj. 愉快的，高兴的
admit v. 承认
admit doing
deliberately adv. 故意地
keep one’s word 信守诺言
break one’s word
swear v. 发誓
forgive v. 原谅，宽恕
tease v. 嘲笑，取笑
friendship n. 友谊
in trouble 有麻烦，处于困难中
dilemma n. 进退两难的处境，尴尬的处境
brilliant adj. 优秀的，杰出的; 灿烂的
bright
focusv. 集中注意力；聚焦
focus on
     n. 焦点，关注点
absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的
absent
present
as a result 结果
result in
result from
afterwards adv. 然后，后来
yell v. 吼叫，大叫
mean adj. 刻薄的；卑鄙的；吝啬的
mean to do
mean doing
guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的
cruel adj. 刻毒的，伤人的；残酷的，残忍的
cruelty n. 
stand v. 容忍，忍让；经受，遭受
bear
awkward adj. 别扭的，不自然的，笨拙的
outgoing adj. 开朗的，友好的
easy-going
apologize v. 道歉
apologize to sb for doing
bitter adj. 怀恨的；苦的；痛苦的
sweet, sour
athletic adj. 适合做运动员的；健壮的，强健的，充满活力的
athlete
right n. 权利
unlikely adj. 不太可能的
likely
blame v. 责备，谴责
doubt n. 怀疑，疑惑
There is no doubt that
     v. 怀疑；疑问
I doubt whether…
behaviour n. 行为，举止
manners
jealous adj. 嫉妒的，妒忌的
jealousy n. 
embarrass v. 使尴尬，使困窘，使不好意思
embarrassed adj. 
in public 当众，在公众场合
gifted adj. 有天赋的，有才的
strength n. 力量，力气；实力
strong adj.
teammate n. 队友
unfair adj. 不公平的
fair
fairly
stubborn adj. 顽固的，固执的，倔强的
disagreement n. 分歧，意见不同；不调和
agree
agreement
ruin v. 破坏，使毁灭
ruins n. 
delay v & n. 耽搁，拖延，推迟
put off
Grammar
动词不定式是由 to ＋  
I. 动词不定式在句子中可作：
1. 主语。动词不定式作主语时，可用 it 作形式主语。
It's important to learn a foreign language.
How long did it take you to get here?
What to give the children for Christmas worried Jane.
  2. 作宾语。
不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词后面：hate, promise, mean, pretend, determine, decide, agree, manage, refuse, continue, intend, try, begin, attempt, expect等
They're going to help water the trees.
I don't know how to use the computer.
当动词不定式作宾语且带有补足语时，用 it 作形式宾语。
Do you consider it wise to accept the offer?
后接疑问代词或疑问副词（wh-to do..., how to do...）的常用动词有：
decide, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, settle, understand, wonder, etc.
3. 作宾语补足语。
He persuaded her to take the job.
We were having dinner when I heard the telephone ring.
The students were made to stay in the dormitories after 11 p.m.
下列动词后跟带to的动词不定式作补语： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, wish等。
后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的常用动词有：
see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, 
have, let, make, etc.
4. 作定语。
Please give me something to eat.
I haven't decided what is a good topic to write about.
He is looking for a house to live in.
·作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需有介词。
5. 作状语。
He stopped to help the old lady get on the bus.(目的)
She raised her voice so as to be heard.(目的)
(to do, in order to do, so as to do)
The boy is too young to join the army.(结果)
Do you think she is clever enough to understand it?(结果)
We hurried to the station only to find the train had left.      (结果)
(to do, so...as to do, such...as to do, enough to do, too...to do, only to do) 
They were excited to hear the news.(原因)
He laughed to see such fun.(原因)
To listen to him, you should think that no problem whatever existed. (条件)
To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world.(条件)
6. 作表语。
The only thing you can do now is wait and see.
What the old man likes is to watch children play.
II. 不带 to 的动词不定式。
1) 在一些固定短语中：
He lets go (of) the rope.
Let there be no mistake about this.
2) 在 help 后：
Can I help (to) carry it for you?
I helped him (to) mend his bike.
3) 在 had better, would rather, rather than, why not 等后：
Doctor, you'd better have a look at this new patient.
Let's finish the work now rather than leave it off till tomorrow.
4)当主语中有实意动词 do 时，作表语的动词不定式的 to 可以省略。在 but 和 except 前如有实意动词 do，but 和 except 后的动词不定式也可省略 to。
All we have to do is push the button. (cf. My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.)
He will do anything for you except lend you money. (cf. He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.)
III. to 后的动词省略。
A: Shall I give the dog a chocolate?
B: It's better not to. 
A: Would she like to see our new house?
B: She'd love to.
A: Do they live here?
B: No, but they used to.
A: Why does he go to work every day?
B: Because he has to.
IV. 动词不定式的逻辑主语。动词不定式的逻辑主语可以是任何人；可以是句子的主语或宾语等；可以是被动词不定式修饰的名词或代词；也可以用 for somebody 或 of somebody。
It is important to learn at least one foreign language.   （任何人）
I saw the boy help the old man across the street.        （the boy）
—I want to buy a camera.        （I）
—We have several models for you to choose.        （for you）
It's very kind of you to come to see us.        （of you）
The road to be built there will connect the two towns.  （The road）
V. 动词不定式的形式。
to be doing...    to have done...to be done         to have been done
（not 等加在动词不定式前构成否定形式）
1. to be doing 表示动词不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
The children seemed to be talking about something amusing.
2. to have done 表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
3. 当逻辑主语是动词不定式动作的承受者时用动词不定式的被动式。
He thought it an honour to be invited to the party.
He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.
但是：
1）当动词不定式与被修饰词是动宾关系时，用主动形式。
I have three letters to write this morning.
Give him some books to read.
They had only a cold room to live in at that time.
2）在名词＋ be ＋形容词to do, too...to do 和 enough to do 中的动词不定式常用主动形式。
The problem is difficult to work out.
This matter is too important to leave until tomorrow.
These boxes are not strong enough to use as a platform.
3）在 there ＋ be 
There is so much work to do (to be done).
4）to blame 和 to let 通常是主动形式。
I don't know if Mary is to blame.
These small houses are to let at a low rental (租金).
4. 动词如 hope, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose, want 可后接动词不定式的完成形式，表示未实现的行为。
I intended to have written to you. (I had intended to write to you.)
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. (I had meant to tell...)
VI. 有些动词后可接动词不定式或动名词，但是句子的意义有所改变。请说出下列句子的不同含义。
I remember seeing him somewhere.
I must remember to phone her when I get there.
He forgot telling her about it the day before, and in the morning he told her again.
I am afraid I might forget to tell him about it. You’d better remind me.
I regret not accepting your advice, otherwise I would have managed to do it.
I regret to tell you that I can’t accept your advice. I hope you don’t mind.
Never mind. Try doing it in another wGetting along with others《Grammar and usage》学案2（牛津译林版必修5）